The toxicity of 17 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) was investigated using standardized acute and chronic tests with Daphnia magna and 2 algae species. Chronic toxicity was generally greater for Daphnia than for algae. Compilation of additional data resulted in 100 APIs for which the acute-to-chronic ratio (ACR) was determined for Daphnia. The frequency of high…
The interaction of pollutants and pathogens may result in altered (often enhanced) effects of the chemical, the biotic stressor or both. While standardised detection methods for immunotoxic effects of chemicals exist with regard to human health, such test systems are lacking for invertebrate species and no guidance is available on how immunotoxic effects of a […]
The aquatic environment is continually exposed to a complex mixture of chemicals, with effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as one key source. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether environmental risk assessments addressing individual substances are sufficiently protective for such mixtures. Based on a literature review of chemicals reported to occur […]
The aim of this project is to develop and evaluate concepts for a risk assessment of wastewater effluents taking into account the joint effects of chemicals, which are not completely eliminated in the wastewater treatment process. The focus is on pharmaceutical residues and industrial chemicals, particularly those that are frequently detected in effluents. The predictability […]
Within REACH, it is possible to waive standard tests that would be required for a chemical, if the available information from other tests and / or non-testing information (e.g. QSARs, grouping, read across) is considered sufficient to draw a reliable conclusion on the endpoint of concern. This concept is described as non-testing approach in the […]
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D. Leib
L. Schlüter-Vorberg
T. Junker